#1 Raphael (1483 - 1520)

Full name: ​Raffaello Sanzio (or Santi) da Urbino

Read and take notes:

(adapted from https://www.raphaelsanzio.org/biography.html)

• Raphael was one of the finest draftsmen in the history of Western art, and used drawings extensively to plan his compositions.
• Raphael's art marks "a shift of resources away from production to research and development".
• When a final composition was achieved, scaled-up full-size cartoons were often made, which were then pricked with a pin and "pounced" with a bag of soot to leave dotted lines on the surface as a guide.
• Most Raphael drawings are rather precise—even initial sketches with naked outline figures are carefully drawn, and later working drawings often have a high degree of finish, with shading and sometimes highlights in white.
• He was one of the last artists to use metalpoint (literally a sharp pointed piece of sliver or another metal) extensively, although he also made superb use of the freer medium of red or black chalk.
• In his final years he was one of the first artists to use female models for preparatory drawings—male pupils ("garzoni") were normally used for studies of both sexes

Additional biographical information - read and take notes:​  
​https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.1818.html#biography

Watch, listen, and take notes:

This is a collection of Raphael's drawings - just look; pay attention to subject, composition, line quality, gesture, mark-making, and modeling of form.

AFTER CAREFULLY REVIEWING THE RESOURCES ASSIGNED ABOVE: Answer the following questions completely and with specificity to the provided resources, notes taken, personal reflection, and additional research as needed. Make sure to consider how this information is relevant to your current work and practice.

1. Raphael was the younger contemporary of both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo... compare the birth/death dates of these three artists and put this relationship into perspective. 
2. Artists respond to what is happening around them... 1) What ground-breaking work of Leonardo da Vinci caught Raphael's eye in 1504? 2) What subsequent inspirations hit him in 1508?
3. The terms cartoon, metalpoint, humanism (humanist), and fresco were used in the assigned readings. If you can define these terms on your own, please do so on the Renaissance/Old Master vocabulary handout you were given. If not, look up the definitions. Then, read through the remaining vocabulary on the handout and define only the terms that you already know (write in your own words/leave the unknown words alone for now).